{"id":82118,"date":"2019-01-30T12:18:04","date_gmt":"2019-01-30T17:18:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mrnf.gouv.qc.ca\/?post_type=cpt_publication&#038;p=82118"},"modified":"2026-08-06T11:30:05","modified_gmt":"2026-08-06T15:30:05","slug":"crown-characteristics-black-spruce","status":"publish","type":"cpt_publication","link":"https:\/\/mrnf.gouv.qc.ca\/en\/our-publications\/crown-characteristics-black-spruce\/","title":{"rendered":"Crown characteristics slightly improve lumber mechanical property models for black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] BSP)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Published in <strong>The Forestry Chronicle<\/strong><b> 92(2): 245-253.\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Most models of modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) use classical dendrometric variables and do not use crown characteristics that are known to influence wood formation and properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the benefit of including crown variables in black spruce MOE and MOR models. Values of MOE and MOR were measured on 99 boards from 21 black spruce trees located in nine stands in the Lac-Saint-Jean region of Qu\u00e9bec (Canada). Site, tree and crown variables (crown surface area, crown length, branch basal area) were measured. Stand age and basal area were found to be positively related to MOE and MOR. Stem DBH and crown length were negatively related to MOE and MOR. When including crown variables, Akaike\u2019s Information Criterion was stable while the R<sup>2<\/sup> increased slightly (+ 2.7% for MOE and + 1% for MOR). The small benefit in model performance associated with the inclusion of crown variables in MOE and MOR models suggests that models without crown variables could be used for industrial purposes without much loss in performance.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Published in The Forestry Chronicle 92(2): 245-253.\u00a0 Most models of modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) use classical dendrometric variables and do not use crown characteristics that are known to influence wood formation and properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the benefit of including crown variables in black spruce [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","format":"standard","cptt_secteur":[1179],"cptt_theme":[1184,1180,1181],"cptt_categ_publi":[1149],"cptt_auteurs_ministeriels":[1107],"class_list":["post-82118","cpt_publication","type-cpt_publication","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","cptt_secteur-forests","cptt_theme-forest-growth-and-yield-modelling","cptt_theme-forestry-research","cptt_theme-forests","cptt_categ_publi-scientific-article","cptt_auteurs_ministeriels-h-power"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Crown characteristics slightly improve lumber mechanical property models for black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] BSP) - Minist\u00e8re des Ressources naturelles et des For\u00eats<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"This study evaluates the benefits of including crown characteristics in black spruce models of modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/mrnf.gouv.qc.ca\/en\/our-publications\/crown-characteristics-black-spruce\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Crown characteristics slightly improve lumber mechanical property models for black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] BSP) - Minist\u00e8re des Ressources naturelles et des For\u00eats\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"This study evaluates the benefits of including crown characteristics in black spruce models of modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/mrnf.gouv.qc.ca\/en\/our-publications\/crown-characteristics-black-spruce\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Minist\u00e8re des Ressources naturelles et des For\u00eats\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/RessourcesNaturellesForets\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-08-06T15:30:05+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/Image-g%c3%a9n%c3%a9rale-hiver_FB.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"630\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@mrnfqc\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"1 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/mrnf.gouv.qc.ca\/en\/our-publications\/crown-characteristics-black-spruce\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/mrnf.gouv.qc.ca\/en\/our-publications\/crown-characteristics-black-spruce\/\",\"name\":\"Crown characteristics slightly improve lumber mechanical property models for black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] BSP) - Minist\u00e8re des Ressources naturelles et des For\u00eats\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/mrnf.gouv.qc.ca\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2019-01-30T17:18:04+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-08-06T15:30:05+00:00\",\"description\":\"This study evaluates the benefits of including crown characteristics in black spruce models of modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/mrnf.gouv.qc.ca\/en\/our-publications\/crown-characteristics-black-spruce\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/mrnf.gouv.qc.ca\/en\/our-publications\/crown-characteristics-black-spruce\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/mrnf.gouv.qc.ca\/en\/our-publications\/crown-characteristics-black-spruce\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Accueil\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/mrnf.gouv.qc.ca\/en\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Publications\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/mrnf.gouv.qc.ca\/nos-publications\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Crown characteristics slightly improve lumber mechanical property models for black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] BSP)\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/mrnf.gouv.qc.ca\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/mrnf.gouv.qc.ca\/\",\"name\":\"Minist\u00e8re des Ressources naturelles et des For\u00eats\",\"description\":\"Prototype WordPress\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/mrnf.gouv.qc.ca\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Crown characteristics slightly improve lumber mechanical property models for black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] BSP) - Minist\u00e8re des Ressources naturelles et des For\u00eats","description":"This study evaluates the benefits of including crown characteristics in black spruce models of modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/mrnf.gouv.qc.ca\/en\/our-publications\/crown-characteristics-black-spruce\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Crown characteristics slightly improve lumber mechanical property models for black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] BSP) - Minist\u00e8re des Ressources naturelles et des For\u00eats","og_description":"This study evaluates the benefits of including crown characteristics in black spruce models of modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture.","og_url":"https:\/\/mrnf.gouv.qc.ca\/en\/our-publications\/crown-characteristics-black-spruce\/","og_site_name":"Minist\u00e8re des Ressources naturelles et des For\u00eats","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/RessourcesNaturellesForets\/","article_modified_time":"2026-08-06T15:30:05+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1200,"height":630,"url":"\/wp-content\/uploads\/Image-g%c3%a9n%c3%a9rale-hiver_FB.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_site":"@mrnfqc","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"1 minute"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/mrnf.gouv.qc.ca\/en\/our-publications\/crown-characteristics-black-spruce\/","url":"https:\/\/mrnf.gouv.qc.ca\/en\/our-publications\/crown-characteristics-black-spruce\/","name":"Crown characteristics slightly improve lumber mechanical property models for black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] BSP) - Minist\u00e8re des Ressources naturelles et des For\u00eats","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/mrnf.gouv.qc.ca\/#website"},"datePublished":"2019-01-30T17:18:04+00:00","dateModified":"2026-08-06T15:30:05+00:00","description":"This study evaluates the benefits of including crown characteristics in black spruce models of modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/mrnf.gouv.qc.ca\/en\/our-publications\/crown-characteristics-black-spruce\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/mrnf.gouv.qc.ca\/en\/our-publications\/crown-characteristics-black-spruce\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/mrnf.gouv.qc.ca\/en\/our-publications\/crown-characteristics-black-spruce\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Accueil","item":"https:\/\/mrnf.gouv.qc.ca\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Publications","item":"https:\/\/mrnf.gouv.qc.ca\/nos-publications\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Crown characteristics slightly improve lumber mechanical property models for black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] BSP)"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/mrnf.gouv.qc.ca\/#website","url":"https:\/\/mrnf.gouv.qc.ca\/","name":"Minist\u00e8re des Ressources naturelles et des For\u00eats","description":"Prototype WordPress","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/mrnf.gouv.qc.ca\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mrnf.gouv.qc.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/cpt_publication\/82118","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mrnf.gouv.qc.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/cpt_publication"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mrnf.gouv.qc.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/cpt_publication"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/mrnf.gouv.qc.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/cpt_publication\/82118\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":106444,"href":"https:\/\/mrnf.gouv.qc.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/cpt_publication\/82118\/revisions\/106444"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mrnf.gouv.qc.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=82118"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"cptt_secteur","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mrnf.gouv.qc.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/cptt_secteur?post=82118"},{"taxonomy":"cptt_theme","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mrnf.gouv.qc.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/cptt_theme?post=82118"},{"taxonomy":"cptt_categ_publi","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mrnf.gouv.qc.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/cptt_categ_publi?post=82118"},{"taxonomy":"cptt_auteurs_ministeriels","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mrnf.gouv.qc.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/cptt_auteurs_ministeriels?post=82118"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}